The invention discloses a locking mechanism and a coal dust collector comprising the same, the locking mechanism comprises a housing, a lock pin, a fixing block and a driving part, wherein an accommodation cavity is formed in the housing, and an opening communicated with the accommodation cavity is formed in the housing; a guide seat is arranged in the opening, and a through guide channel is arranged in the guide seat and used for communicating the accommodation cavity with the outside; the lock pin is arranged in the guide channel and can reciprocate along the guide channel; the fixing blockis opposite to the housing, and a locking part which is matched with the locking pin for use is arranged on the fixing block; the driving part is arranged in the accommodation cavity, connected with the lock pin and used for driving the lock pin to reciprocate so that the locking part can lock or unlock. According to the coal dust collector, a manhole is locked, misoperation is avoided, the coal dust collector is monitored and controlled, starting and stopping of the locking mechanism is controlled according to the monitoring result, asphyxia of a maintainer due to hazardous gas leakage is avoided, and the operation safety is ensured.