The invention provides a rapid pre-stressed anchor cable capable of being recycled and a construction method thereof. The anchor cable comprises a steel casing pipe and an expansion structure which issymmetrically distributed; a conical head is arranged at the bottom of the steel casing pipe, openings symmetrically distributed are formed in the side walls, the expansion structure comprises a fixed pin, a fixed pulley and an expansion head, the fixed pin and the expansion head are arranged in the openings in the side wall of the steel casing pipe, the two ends of the fixed pin are fixedly connected with the steel casing pipe, the expansion head is rotatably connected with the steel casing pipe through the fixed pin, the fixed pulley is fixed to the upper end of the conical head, one end ofa stress steel strand is connected with the expansion head, the other end of the stress steel stand winds around the fixed pulley to penetrate the steel casing pipe, one end of a non-stress steel stand is connected with the conical head, and the other end of the non-stress steel stand penetrates the steel casing pipe. Grouting is not needed, after mounting in-place operation, tension is achieved,after the supporting task is finished, the cable can be completely recycled, the effect on later-period building of the surrounding buildings is avoided, the construction period can be effectively shortened, resource waste is reduced, and the cable is suitable for the soft rock area and is particularly suitable for the emergency rush repair engineering and the temporary supporting engineering with the strict time need.