The invention discloses a focusing device and a laser processing system belong to the field of laser processing. The focusing device is used for focusing the laser processing head in laser processing.The focusing device comprises a body, an observer and a retainer. The body is provided with an observation window and a containing cavity communicating with the observation window and capable of containing the test target material. The observer connected with body has a first posture and an optional second posture, in the first posture, the observer is configured to obtain the surface morphologyof the test target material contained in the containing cavity through the observation window, and the surface appearance of the test target material contained in the containing cavity is displayed toobservers. The matched retainer connected with the body is configured such that the test target is stably held within the containing cavity, and the test target material is optionally released to allow the test target material to be separated from the body. The focusing device has the advantages of being convenient to carry and convenient to focus, the focusing is convenient and accurate, and theprocessing efficiency can be improved.