The invention relates to a multi-level progressive classification and identification method for small-current ground faults. Four layers of progressive fault classification data modules are arranged from top to bottom based on time domain characteristics and properties of fault points of fault characteristics, so that problems of incomplete small-current ground fault classification and single identification type and the like are solved. The method comprises is implemented by five steps; fault waveform characteristics of a zero-sequence voltage and a zero-sequence current are extracted at different layers; layer-by-layer fault type identification is carried out by using time domain characteristic identification, a heuristic segmentation algorithm, and an FFT analysis and the like; and thena fault type representing the fault characteristics comprehensively is obtained. With the method provided by the invention, an unclear concept problem during the fault identification process is solved; on the one hand, a fault factor and a distribution rule are obtained deeply and the refined level of the operation and checking management of the distribution network is perfected continuously; andon the other hand, the operation and maintenance personnel is assisted in finding out a potential safety hazard of the distribution network timely, so that the fault searching time is shortened and the operation reliability of distribution network is improved continuously.