The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage system control method for optimization running of a power distribution network. The hybrid energy storage system control method comprises the steps of building a flexible grid-connected model of a photovoltaic hybrid energy storage system; building a model, participating in optimization running of the power distribution network, of the photovoltaic hybrid energy storage system according to source-network economic running of the power distribution network and a node voltage optimization target, and acquiring a hybrid energy storage optimal targetpower; and proposing a hybrid energy storage control strategy according to a charge state and a charge-discharge state, and reasonably allocating charge-discharge powers of a storage battery and a supercapacitor. By the hybrid energy storage system control method, economic running of the power distribution network and out-of-limit treatment of a node voltage can be effectively achieved, moreover,the technical characteristics of different energy storage mediums can be fully developed, and the running lifetime of the hybrid energy storage system is prolonged.