The invention provides a method and device for testing dynamic characteristics of a central heating system. The method comprises the steps that a reference working condition experiment is carried outon the central heating system to acquire a first test result of the reference working condition experiment; according to the first test result, the first relationship information among the change of weather parameters, the return water temperature of a test heat station and the indoor temperature of a test heat user is determined; an operation working condition experiment is carried out on the central heating system to acquire a second test result of the operation working condition experiment; according to the second test result, the second relationship information among the change of heat supply of a test heat supply unit, the return water temperature of the test heat station and the indoor temperature of the test heat user is determined; and according to the first relationship information and the second relationship information, the third relationship information among the change of the weather parameter, the change of heat supply of the test heat supply unit, the return water temperature and the indoor temperature of the test heat user. The actual dynamic characteristics of the central heating system can be accurately acquired.