The invention discloses a fingerprint identification-based personal electronic invoice query system and method. The system comprises a fingerprint identification module, a personal information module,an invoice query module, an invoice issuing module and an invoice delivery module, wherein the fingerprint identification module is used for collecting and identifying a fingerprint of a user; the personal information module is used for storing and managing personal information, comprising an issued invoice and a common invoice title, of the user; the invoice query module is used for querying theissued invoice according to query information; and the invoice delivery module is used for providing an acquisition channel of the selected electronic invoice for the user. The method comprises the steps of identifying the fingerprint of the user; and according to the fingerprint, calling the personal information of the user. The user always queries the required electronic invoice according to the corresponding personal information and can issue a new invoice or obtain the issued invoice. According to the system and the method, the security problem caused by password leakage is avoided; and the user can query and use the invoice more conveniently.