The invention discloses a coke discharging and dust collection system of a coke dry quenching coke storage tower and a control method of the coke discharging and dust collection system and relates tothe technical field of industrial dust collection. The coke discharging and dust collection system comprises two rows of supporting columns, a coke storage tower fixed on the supporting columns, a coke discharging opening fixed below the coke storage tower, dust collection parts which are symmetrically fixed at two sides of the coke discharging opening, and a cloth bag dust collector, a draught fan and a chimney which are connected with the dust collection parts through pipelines in sequence, wherein an electric valve is arranged in the coke discharging opening; the electric valve, the dust collection parts, the cloth bag dust collector and the draught fan are electrically connected with a central controller respectively. When the coke discharging and dust collection system works, electricbutterfly valves at two sides of the coke discharging opening are switched on through the central controller, and then the electric valve, the draught fan and the cloth bag dust collector are started; gas flow containing flying dust is sucked through the dust collection parts and the flying dust is absorbed through the cloth bag dust collector; treated flue gas is discharged through the chimney.According to the coke discharging and dust collection system of the coke dry quenching coke storage tower, disclosed by the invention, the flying dust at the coke discharging opening of the coke dry quenching coke storage tower can be effectively collected and air pollution is reduced; the coke discharging and dust collection system has the advantages of safety and environment protection, low energy consumption, simple structure and convenience for operation.