The invention provides a piezoelectric shunting type acoustic metamaterial-based light and low-frequency sound insulation structure. The structure comprises a grating bracket, a thin skin, piezoelectric sheets and resonance shunting circuits. The grating bracket is formed by periodically extending square grids in two dimensions. The thin skin is fixed on the grating bracket. The piezoelectric sheets are stuck on the two sides of the thin skin in a periodic mode corresponding to the square grids. Each shunting circuit at least comprises an inductor, and shunting circuits connected with each ofthe piezoelectric sheets are the same. The square grids, the thin skin corresponding to the square grids, the piezoelectric sheets and the shunting circuits form a cell. The cell is a minimum acousticmetamaterial unit for blocking the low-frequency noise in the sound insulation structure. When the target noise acts on the sound insulation structure, the acoustic metamaterial unit is stimulated togenerate the local resonance phenomenon. Therefore, the average displacement of the whole cell is zero. The incident sound wave energy is reflected and absorbed, and the low-frequency sound is effectively blocked.