The invention provides a device and method for the removal of VOC by catalytic combustion. According to the flow direction of materials, the device comprises a hydration reaction unit (R2) and a combustion reaction unit (R3), wherein the hydration reaction unit (R2) comprises a propylene hydration reactor, the combustion reaction unit (R3) comprises a fixed-bed reactor, the lower segment of the fixed-bed reactor is an ignition segment (R3A), and the upper segment of the fixed-bed reactor is a temperature runaway segment (R3B). The method of adopting the device comprises the steps that (1), inthe propylene hydration reactor, part propylene in VOC materials is made to be hydrated with water; (2), the VOC gas obtained after the hydration reaction in the step (1) is fed into the fixed-bed reactor to perform the catalytic combustion reaction. The device and method provided by the invention are especially suitable for the tail gas treatment of the VOC with a high propylene content, the content of the VOC of a material flow outlet can be made to be less than 120 mg/m<3>, and the environment protection is facilitated.