The invention discloses a multi-channel hard X-ray position sensitivity detector and a hard X-ray detection method thereof and solves the problem that in the prior art, the cost for detecting hard X-rays with the energy band range of 10keV to 300keV is high and the prior art is not suitable for vacuum extreme environment detection. The multi-channel hard X-ray position sensitivity detector comprises a multi-channel hard X-ray detection photocathode, a detection anode, a high-voltage power supply system, a data acquisition system and a micro-channel plate group, wherein the multi-channel hard X-ray detection photocathode detects hard X-rays and converts the hard X-rays into electric signals to be output to the micro-channel plate group for gain, the data acquisition system acquires, converts and analyzes electric signals and then gives time information and position information of the detected hard X-rays photons. The multi-channel hard X-ray position sensitivity detector is simple in structure, scientific and reasonable in design, low in manufacturing cost, can detect the hard X-rays with the energy band range of 10keV to 300keV and meanwhile can give information and position information of the detected photons.