The invention discloses a substation smoke detector testing device, comprising a fan bin, a stick fragrance holder, a smoke bin and a test air duct, wherein a battery compartment is arranged inside the fan bin, a battery cover is arranged on the end face of the battery compartment, a switch button is arranged beside the battery cover, a fan is arranged inside the fan compartment, the stick fragrance holder is connected beside the fan compartment, a stick fragrance fixing screw is arranged on the surface of the stick fragrance holder, the smoke bin is connected beside the stick fragrance holder, the test air duct is arranged beside the smoke bin, the test air duct is connected with a beam sensing test plate, a connecting seat is arranged beside the test air duct, and a universal sleeve is arranged beside the connecting seat. The device has the advantages that the smoke emitted by the device is non-toxic, harmless, green, economical and environmental-friendly and does not cause secondarypollution to a detector, and the test air duct in a free telescopic mode of a fishing rod can meet the test requirements of detectors of all heights and realize accurate and effective measurement andtests.