The invention relates to the field of medicine, and in particular relates to an ultrasonic probe calibration device and an ultrasonic probe calibration method based on optical positioning. The ultrasonic probe calibration device based on optical positioning is composed of a visual tracking device, an ultrasonic collecting device, a calibrator and a computer, wherein a tracking identification Marker 1 is fixed on an ultrasonic probe; the calibrator is a water tank with a plurality of trustums of different heights on the bottom, and one side of the calibrator is provided with a tracking identification Marker 2. An ultrasonic probe calibration method based on optical positioning comprises the following steps: segmenting a calibrator ultrasonic image collected by the ultrasonic probe, extracting the bottom picture contour of the calibrator, synchronously acquiring the coordinates of the Marker 1 and Marker 2 and the related position relation according to the visual tracking device, establishing the spatial position relation between the ultrasonic image and visual sense, and carrying out point cloud registration by adopting a coincidence point shift algorithm, and thus the coordinate transformation from the ultrasonic image pixel points to the three-dimensional space is realized. With the device and the method, the transformation precision from two-dimensional ultrasonic image information to three-dimensional space can be improved, and a basis is provided for the surgical navigation system based on the ultrasonic image.