The invention discloses a factory equipment traceability management system which includes a plurality of equipment terminals, a monitoring center, and a handheld detection terminal. Each equipment terminal includes an equipment detection module, a main control module and a first communication module, and the main control module sends data detected by the equipment detection module to the monitoring center through the first communication module. The monitoring center includes a central controller, a storage module, and an RFID number module. The central controller is connected with the storagemodule and the RFID number module in order to bind the ID number of each piece of equipment to the running status information of the equipment and store the ID number and the running status information in the storage module by category. Customers can use an RFID scanner on the handheld detection terminal to scan the RFID tag on each piece of equipment in order to get the RFID number, and a processor of the handheld detection terminal calls the running status information according to the RFID number and displays the running status information through a display module. The design makes information more transparent. Customers will also pay attention when operating equipment, in order to prevent accidents and improve the safety performance.