The invention discloses a method for emergency adjustment of an urban rail transit train timetable. The method includes the steps that 1, line fault information, original train timetable information and the current moment are obtained; 2, current positions of all trains when fault occurs at the current moment are detected, and the fault end time is expected; 3, according to the current positions of all the trains, corresponding line traffic capacities of all the trains at the current moment are judged; 4, the time interval of each train arriving at a next discrete event is calculated, the discrete time is looked for, and the positions of all the trains in a detection system when fault occurs are detected, 5, train travelling information is updated, and a train scheduling plan is determined; and 6, train traffic capacity decision algorithm is designed according to a service balance optimization goal, and an adjusted train timetable is simulated and drawn. By means of the method, emergency adjustment of the train timetable in the case of line fault in an urban rail transit system can be realized, and the safety and reliability of train operation scheduling are realized.