The invention discloses a small-sized vacuum induction melting furnace and a melting method thereof. The small-sized vacuum induction melting furnace comprises a melting system and an atmosphere protecting chamber; the melting system comprises a heat-resistant container, an induction coil, an infrared temperature measuring device, an induction power supply, a low-pumping-speed vacuum pump and a smoke tube; the heat-resistant container is fixed in the atmosphere protecting chamber, and the induction coil is wrapped around the outer wall of the heat-resistant container and electrically connectedwith the induction power supply; the infrared temperature measuring device is arranged outside the atmosphere protecting chamber and conducts infrared temperature measuring on the interior of the heat-resistant container, and the infrared temperature measuring device is connected with a control circuit of the induction power supply through a PID controller in a feedback mode; and a suction opening of the low-pumping-speed vacuum pump extends to and abuts joint with the area between the upper portion of the heat-resistant container and the infrared temperature measuring device through the smoke tube. The small-sized vacuum induction melting furnace is mainly suitable for melting when the weight of a metal sample is smaller than 100g, a precise temperature control system is provided, thermal insulation with refractory materials is not required, and the technical problems that an existing induction melting furnace is large in melting size, complex in refractory thermal insulation structure, high in requirement, and poor in temperature controlling are solved.