The invention discloses a controlling method for optimizing pass load of a reciprocating reversible rolling mill, and relates to the technical field of metal pressure machining. The method comprises the following steps: passes with failed biting and succeeding in biting after a press-down amount is adjusted is checked and acquired by using a process control model system, and the press-down amountadjustment values of the passes are recorded as pre-calculation values of the press-down amount for rolling a next same-specification rolled piece; the rolling load conditions of all rolling passes are checked, and a rolling force model and a current model are corrected according to the capacity of the rolling mill, or the pre-calculation values of the press-down amount are increased and are re-substituted into the rolling force model to calculate so as to achieve an expected value; the pressure-down amount is re-distributed so as to obtain an optimized pre-calculation value of the pressure-down amount; and whether total number of the rolling passes are reduced after the multiple pre-calculation values of the pressure-down amount are adjusted is checked and subsequent processing is performed. According to the controlling method for optimizing pass load of the reciprocating reversible rolling mill, the problem that the adjusting workload is large in an existing reciprocating reversiblerolling machine, and thus a large number of omissions and errors are prone to occur is solved.