The invention relates to a method and device for recognizing a critical path of a power grid under the condition of typhoon damage. The method comprises the following steps: recognizing lines of a line fault set of the power grid under the condition of the typhoon damage; calculating the fault probability of the various lines in the line fault set; calculating direct load loss and potential load loss after running stopping due to line fault; calculating local risks of running stopping of the lines; and calculating global risks of the lines of the fault set under various predicted paths, wherein the criticality of the lines is increased along with increasing of the global risks. According to the technical scheme, geographical position distribution of a tower and lines in a power grid geographic information distribution system is fully considered, real-time typhoon prediction information in a typhoon weather forecast system is adopted fully, reference is provided for formulation of an effective wind prevention and reinforcement strategy for the power grid by calculated power grid critical lines under the condition of typhoon damage, and the typhoon resistance of the power grid is improve favorably.