The invention discloses an electrostatic purification device using a negative high voltage electric field. The device comprises a box, wherein the box comprises an upper box body and a lower box body, a high voltage module is assembled in the upper box body, and an oil collecting electrode cylinder, a primary filter, an electrostatic field dust collector and an adsorption device are sequentially arranged in the lower box body from left to right; a fume inlet connecting pipe is arranged on the box wall surface opposite to the oil collecting electrode cylinder and a fume outlet connecting pipe is arranged on the box wall surface opposite to the adsorption device; the high voltage module is connected with the electrostatic field dust collector and outputs multistage negative high voltage simultaneously. By use of the high voltage module capable of outputting the multistage negative high voltage simultaneously, refractory tiny suspended particles in cooking fumes are effectively removed, toxic fumes are ionized to a certain extent, the treated cooking fumes are pure, and the electrostatic purification device is beneficial to human health due to release of a large quantity of negative ions. The electrostatic purification device has good oil and impurity removal effects, excellent comprehensive performance and broad market prospects, and the treated cooking fumes contain no suspender articles, toxic or harmful gases.