The invention belongs to the technical field of road information camera self-calibration, and particularly relates to a road monitoring camera self-calibration method of utilizing road surface information. The method finally obtains scientific and reasonable formula parameters through a series of formula derivation and experiment data collection on the basis of a vanishing point, road width and road dotted-line length, and includes the following steps: 1) determining a homography matrix of a camera space model; 2) using parameters, which are determined the in step 1), to obtain initial internal parameters of the camera through conversion formulas of the vanishing point between 3D homogeneous coordinates and image coordinates; and 3) using the three external parameters, the road width, the dotted-line length and the vanishing point, of the camera on the basis of the step 2) to further use simultaneous equation derivation formulas to obtain more accurate and precise internal parameters of the camera. Through the method for identification, the internal parameters of the camera can be highly efficiently and quickly identified; and the method is easy to realize, and high in robustness.