The invention discloses an exhaust noise eliminating device based on temperature adjustment. The exhaust noise eliminating device comprises an exhaust pipe connected with an exhaust pipeline of an automobile engine, a silencer arranged on the exhaust pipe, a cooling system used for cooling air flow entering the silencer, a temperature control system used for controlling the temperature of the airflow entering the silencer, an outlet end arranged on the silencer, and a calibrating device used for collecting noise at the position of an outlet of the silencer. The cooling system is arranged on the exhaust pipe, the temperature control system communicates with the cooling system, and the calibrating device is connected with the temperature control system. The exhaust noise eliminating device is simple in structure, the function of controlling the temperature of an inlet of the silencer is achieved, the temperature of a flow field in the silencer can meet the temperature requirement of the noise eliminating frequency band characteristic of the silencer by adjusting the temperature of the inlet of the silencer, and therefore the exhaust noise of the automobile engine is reduced.