A test device used for measuring the height and temperature of a Marshall test piece of the present invention comprises an engine base, an upright column, a telescopic sleeve, a telescopic support, a measuring rod and a displacement sensor, and is characterized in that the measuring rod penetrates the displacement sensor and a fixer orderly from top to bottom and is vertical, a test piece pedestal used for placing the Marshall test piece is fixed under the measuring rod, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the test piece pedestal, and a leveling screw is arranged on the lower surface of the engine base. A measurement method of the present invention comprises the steps of a) leveling the engine base; b) supplying power to the device; c) placing the test piece; d) measuring the height; e) measuring multiple points; e) measuring the temperature; f) turning off a power supply switch. The test device and the test method of the present invention can realize the multi-point measurement of the height of the Marshall test piece, can measure the temperature via the temperature sensors on the test piece pedestal, enable the obtained height and temperature values to be more accurate, and have the characteristics of being simple and reasonable in structure, and being convenient to use and operate and accurate to measure the height and the temperature.