The invention discloses a construction method of a traumatic optic nerve injury animal model. Through an ethmoid sinus-sphenoid sinus operation pathway under an endoscope, on the basis of adequate exposure of a canalicular segment of optic nerve as well as adjacent anterior skull base and posterior ethmoid sinus and sphenoid sinus sidewalls, different parts of the canalicular segment of optic nerve are collided by controllable collision force, so that optic nerve injury is caused, and the controllable and quantizable ITON bionic elastic injury animal model, by which contusion to the canalicular segment of optic nerve caused by a human ITON clinical injury state can be reflected, is made; the possibility of animal intracranial combined injury is low and a survival rate is high; the purpose of controlling injury sites and injury degrees to be quantitative and qualitative can be achieved by colliding the different parts of canalis opticus with the quantizable elastic force; and since the ethmoid sinus-sphenoid sinus pathway is opened, the implementation of various subsequent experimental intervening measures, after the making of the model, such as tissue sampling on the entire optic nerve including the canalicular segment, local drug delivery to sphenoid sinus cavity of the optic nerve or microinjection to sheaths of optic nerve and the like becomes convenient and easy.