The invention discloses a component sorting device. The component sorting device comprises a feeding transfer mechanism, a discharging transfer mechanism, material boxes and conveying mechanisms which are symmetrically arranged, wherein the conveying mechanisms move in the vertical directions, and each conveying mechanism is provided with a plurality of supporting rods; the feeding transfer mechanism comprises a feeding frame and a feeding guide rail, the feeding guide rail is fixedly connected with the feeding frame, and the feeding guide rail extends to the part between the two conveying mechanisms; the feeding transfer mechanism is connected with the discharging transfer mechanism in a butt joint manner, and the discharging transfer mechanism is provided with a plurality of layers in the vertical direction; the side walls of each material box are provided with grooves, the grooves are internally and rotationally provided with elastic clamping plates, and an obtuse angle is formed between each elastic clamping plate and the advancing direction of the corresponding material box. The component sorting device achieves conveying of the material boxes in the vertical direction by arranging the conveying mechanisms, and by arranging the discharging transfer mechanism and identification detecting devices, automatic identifying and sorting for materials are achieved, and the accuracy and the efficiency of material sorting are improved.