The invention relates to a self-driven method and system architecture, belongs to the field of optical communication and specifically relates to a self-driven method for realizing high-order Raman system Q factor optimization and system architecture. According to the method and the system architecture, through utilization of corresponding relationships between different values of incident optical power, sending end dispersion precompensation quantity, forward high-order Raman pump power, backward high-order Raman pump power and receiving end dispersion compensation quantity, and Q values of a receiving end, overlength single-span optical transmission systems are enabled to work at the optimal performance value. Through adoption of the method and the system architecture, the overlength single-span optical transmission systems of different application scenes can be self-adapted without manual adjustment. The self-driven system performance optimization can be realized through system internal feedback under factors such as device aging, optical fiber degradation and environment change of the application scenes, so the reliability and stability of the overlength single-span optical transmission systems can be effectively improved.