The invention discloses a cosine roller type bagasse treatment device provided with a feed trough. The bagasse feed trough is arranged above a device body of a leaching device; three-stages of oppositely rotating cosine rollers are arranged in the device body, surfaces of the oppositely rotating cosine rollers are continuous cosine surfaces, a bagasse guide chute is arranged below each stage of the oppositely rotating cosine rollers, the last stage of guide chute is connected with a hopper of a bagasse lifter, and a discharge chute of the lifter is connected with a bagasse temporary storage tank; a water inlet valve is arranged on the lifter, a filter and a liquid outlet pipe are arranged at the upper part of the device body, and the liquid outlet pipe is connected with a triple-effect long pipe climbing film evaporation and concentration device; a cosine rubber tray pulsed air explosion device is arranged on the device body. The three-stages of oppositely rotating cosine rollers and the cosine rubber tray pulsed air explosion device have distinct characteristics and can synergistically promote leaching extraction of sugar, so that the cosine roller type bagasse treatment device adopts operating principle and realizes technical effects which are difficultly predicted by technicians in the field and has higher practical application value.