The invention relates to the technical field of electric transmission line patrol, and provides a flying and sliding type electric transmission line patrol unmanned aerial vehicle. The flying and sliding type electric transmission line patrol unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a machine body. A power source is mounted in the machine body. Fixed supports are mounted on the machine body. A flying drive part capable of achieving rotating reversing is mounted at the tail end of each fixed support. A suspension structure used for suspending an electric transmission line is further mounted above the center of the machine body. The patrol unmanned aerial vehicle has two manners of free flying and online sliding, and the two manners are switched through reversing of the flying drive parts; and by means of cooperation work of the suspension structure, the unmanned aerial vehicle is mounted on the electric transmission line or separated from the electric transmission line, and after the unmanned aerial vehicle crosses over obstacles to fly to the next suspension point, further patrol work is started. According to a product of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the advantages of the line patrol unmanned aerial vehicle and a mobile robot are combined, the flying and obstacle crossing functions are achieved, the online sliding patrol function is also achieved, and the line patrol work efficiency and patrol precision are greatly improved.