The invention discloses an environment-friendly manufacturing process of cow split leather. The environment-friendly manufacturing process comprises the following process steps: (1) coating release paper with a raw material of a surface foaming layer by utilizing a rolling coating machine, and drying the release paper to form the surface foaming layer; (2) coating the surface of a crust split leather with a raw material of a foaming adhesive layer by utilizing the rolling coating machine, and drying the surface of the crust split leather to form the foaming adhesive layer; (3) pressing the surface, which is coated with the foaming adhesive layer, of the crust split leather obtained in the step (2) onto the surface, which is coated with the surface foaming layer, of the release paper obtained in the step (1), and keeping the leather at room temperature for 12 to 36 hours, thus obtaining a semifinished product of the cow split leather; (4) tearing off the release paper, and performing edge trimming, inspection, measurement and packaging, thus obtaining a finished product of the cow split leather. According to the environment-friendly manufacturing process of the cow split leather, no organic solvents are used in the manufacturing process, so that the problem of pollution caused by use of a solvent can be solved, and the manufacturing process is energy-saving and environment-friendly; furthermore, the soft cow split leather with soft and full hand-feeling can be produced.