The invention discloses a capsule monitoring device which comprises a launcher and a receiver. The launcher comprises a waterproof sealing shell which comprises a waterproof sealing shell cap and a waterproof sealing shell body, the waterproof sealing shell cap is connected with the waterproof sealing shell body through connection threads, and a wireless communication module, a connecting plugin, a CPU, a condenser microphone, a power supply, a CPU mainboard PCB, a wireless communication module antenna, a 3D acceleration displacement detection device and an NTC temperature sensor are arranged in an inner cavity of the waterproof sealing shell. The capsule monitoring device is reasonable in structural design and high in practicability, and has the following advantages that the wireless communication function can be achieved, operating personnel conduct real-time collection and data processing on data conveniently, and convenience and rapidness are achieved; by means of the action of the condenser microphone, heartbeat data collection is achieved, design is reasonable, and data collection is facilitated; by setting starting of the CPU intermittently, reasonable arrangement of energy is achieved, and the service life is prolonged.