The invention provides a multi-frequency band wave absorbing device realized based on a high impedance surface. The wave absorbing device adopts a five-layer structure, and the lower three layers of the wave absorbing device are used to form a high impedance surface, which comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a metal plate (2) tightly attached to the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and a periodic surface metal pattern (3) disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and in addition, the surface metal pattern is acquired by arranging a slot in square metal. The upper two layers of the wave absorbing device comprises a dielectric isolation layer (4) disposed on the upper part of the high impedance surface and a resistive thin film (5) disposed on the upper surface of the dielectric isolation layer (4). The wave absorbing device adopts the high impedance surface structure, and a plurality of characteristic frequencies are acquired by arranging the slot in the periodic metal pattern on the high impedance surface, and by changing the position and the size of the slot, the characteristic frequencies of the high impedance surface are adjusted, and therefore the adjustment of the frequency band of the wave absorbing device is realized.