Disclosed are an encoding method and a communication device. The encoding method comprises: a communication device determining a second transmission block, wherein the second transmission block comprises a first transmission block and checking information corresponding to the first transmission block; according to scheduling information about the second transmission block, the communication device determining a method for performing outer-code encoding on the second transmission block; the communication device determining a third transmission block, wherein when the scheduling information satisfies a pre-set condition, the third transmission block is a transmission block after outer-code encoding is performed on the second transmission block, and when the scheduling information does not satisfy the pre-set condition, the third transmission block is specifically the second transmission block; and according to a pre-defined rule, the communication device performing inner-code encoding on the third transmission block. The solution can effectively utilize a transmission resource, improve the utilization rate of the transmission resource, reduce an error code platform for inner-code encoding, and improve the reliability of data transmission.