The invention provides a real-time electricity consumption-based metering system and method. The real-time electricity consumption-based metering system comprises a central server and multiple sets of intelligent interactive power supply equipment, wherein the central server communicates with each set of intelligent interactive power supply equipment; each set of intelligent interactive power supply equipment is used for metering electricity consumption data of a local user in real time and submitting the electricity consumption data to the central server; each set of intelligent interactive power supply equipment comprises a micro processor and a power unit, an electric energy metering unit, a data protection unit, a communication unit and a display unit which are connected with the micro processor; the central server is used for calculating a real-time electricity price of the local user according to the electricity consumption data of the user, returning the real-time electricity price to the corresponding intelligent interactive power supply equipment, receiving electricity consumption data of the user from each set of intelligent interactive power supply equipment and storing the electricity consumption data of the user into a cloud server. The real-time electricity consumption-based metering system has the characteristics of instantaneity, high efficiency and intelligent interaction, and is suitable for metering and charging of a sharing electricity consumption system in a smart city.