The invention discloses an intelligent grounding box detection system for cables. The intelligent grounding box detection system comprises measurement units, a DTU, a communication module and a monitoring terminal, wherein the measurement units comprise a grounding circulating current measurement unit, a cable accessory surface temperature measurement unit, a grounding box inside humidity detection unit and a box body opening-closing contact type sensor unit, and all the measurement units are integrated to the DTU through modular structures; the DTU is used for acquiring measurement data of each measurement unit, and the measurement data is transmitted to the monitoring terminal by the communication module; data processing software of the monitoring terminal reflects cable operation data in real time, and an operator analyzes the cable operation condition on the basis of the fed back data. With adoption of the intelligent grounding box detection system, reliable evidence can be provided for cable status maintenance and evaluation work, traditional manual periodic testing can be replaced, workload is reduced greatly, working efficiency of operation and maintenance is increased, and the system has great application value.