The invention discloses a maximum likelihood positioning calculation uncertainty analysis method, which relates to uncertainty analysis in a maximum likelihood positioning calculation process and aims at effectively solving uncertainty sensitivity analysis and synthesis problems during the maximum likelihood positioning calculation process. The method comprises steps: a positioning network is firstly built, and the estimation uncertainty of each distance in the maximum likelihood positioning calculation is measured; then, a partial differential method is adopted to calculate the sensitive factor of each uncertainty factor, the influence degree on the positioning result by the uncertainty of each uncertainty factor is estimated, and a support is provided for improving the maximum likelihood positioning precision; and finally, the uncertainties are synthesized to acquire the uncertainty of the maximum likelihood positioning calculation result, the quality of the positioning calculation result is thus estimated, and reference and decision information are provided for navigation and other subsequent processing methods.