The invention provides a steel structure foundation bolt accurate pre-burying construction method and belongs to the technical field of steel structure engineering construction. According to the technical principle of the steel structure foundation bolt accurate pre-burying construction method, upper-layer positioning formworks and lower-layer positioning formworks are manufactured to position a single bolt set on the whole; through positioning plates, the position relations between a single foundation bolt group are restrained; by accurately fixing the positioning plates, the space position parameters such as the off-centering, the perpendicularity and the elevation of each bolt in the single bolt set are effectively ensured; the construction process comprises the steps that drawings are reviewed, a construction scheme is established, construction preparation is conducted, the formworks are manufactured, on-site measuring is conducted, pile-by-pile positioning wire drawing is conducted, the formworks and column foot bolts are mounted on reinforcement cages, steel bars needing to move are marked, the formworks and the bolts are removed, the steel bar positions are adjusted, the formworks are mounted again, all the positions are re-checked, and fixing begins to be conducted. The steel structure foundation bolt accurate pre-burying construction method is mature in technique, suitable for construction sites which are high in pre-burying construction demand and pre-burying accuracy demand, high and smooth in construction speed and convenient to operate.