A compartment camera shooting type vacuum precompressed underground water level measuring device and a working method thereof; the measuring device comprises a water level tube and a measuring unit; the water level tube buried underground is wrapped by a nonwoven earthwork cloth; the features are that the water level tube is vertically divided by a transparent material isolation plate to form two semicolumn spaces, wherein one half is an up-down connected waterproof tube cavity, and the other half is a permeable filter tube cavity; the filter tube cavity is divided by a semicircle filter tube cavity isolation plate so as to form a row of vertical small compartments mutually blocked; the measuring unit comprises a scale data line and a camera on the end portion; the camera moves up and down along the scale data line in the waterproof tube cavity, thus observing the water level in the filter tube cavity. The method and device can remove the sealing effect caused by an existing vacuum precompressed underground water level measuring device sealed tube section and the vertical water lift effect caused by the up-down connected filter tube section; the tube surrounding negative pressure environment cannot be changed in the measuring process, thus satisfying the vacuum precompressed underground water level measuring basic requirements.