The invention provides a novel rigid-and-flexible switching type clamping device, relates to the field of fixture tools, and aims to providing the novel rigid-and-flexible switching type clamping device of which the operational procedures are reduced, the processing efficiency and the processing accuracy are improved, the structure is simple and the cost is low. The novel rigid-and-flexible switching type clamping device comprises a screw rod assembly, a gripping assembly and a supporting assembly, wherein the supporting assembly comprises a lifting elastic piece and a supporting plate; one end of the the lifting elastic piece is connected to the supporting plate, and the other end of the lifting elastic piece is connected to a supporting surface; the supporting plate is used for supporting a work piece; the gripping assembly comprises a first gripping piece and a second gripping piece which are distributed on two sides of the supporting assembly; the first gripping piece and the second gripping piece separately comprise a chucking and clamping piece and a side propping elastic piece; one end of each side propping elastic piece is fixed to the corresponding chucking and clamping piece, and the other end of each side propping elastic piece is abutted to the work piece; the screw rod assembly drives the first gripping piece and the second gripping piece to move; a guiding positioning groove is formed in each chucking and clamping piece; the two chucking and clamping pieces are tightened up to the center; and the guiding positioning grooves are used for chucking the supporting plate.