The invention discloses a linear laser array rotary scanning-based device and a linear laser array rotary scanning-based method for accurately correcting a heading machine. The device comprises a control system, strapdown inertial navigation and linear laser array, wherein the linear laser array comprises a fixed base station; a stepping motor is arranged on the fixed base station, and the output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with a rotating column; and a plurality of laser distance-measuring sensors are alternately arranged on the surface of an outer cylinder of the rotating column along the axial direction. The method comprises the following steps: collecting position coordinate information of a heading machine through strapdown inertial navigation to coarsely position the heading machine; acquiring the offset of the heading machine relative to the tunnel axis through the laser distance-measuring sensors every fixed cycle; correcting the position of the heading machine according to the offset to realize accurate correction for the heading machine. The device and method can be used for accurately correcting the heading machine through combined effect of the strapdown inertial navigation and linear laser array rotary scanning.