The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of large-size egg-carrying crabs. The method comprises the steps of reserved parent crab breeding, selection and transportation of large-size parent crabs, pairing of the parent crabs and overwinter management of the egg-carrying crabs. Nutrient control, disease control and water quality control are reasonably carried out from multiple links of the disadvantages of insufficient reserved nutrients during strengthening cultivation and overwinter management of large-size parent crabs, particularly female crabs, disease invasion to the female crabs caused by mechanical injuries in fishing, transporting, stocking and mating processes, and the influence of water quality deterioration of a mating pond and an overwintering pond on overwintering survival of the female crabs, so that the survival rate of the large-size egg-carrying crabs is improved, and the condition that the survival rate of the large-size egg-carrying crabs from mating and spawning in middle and late November to fertilized egg incubation and hatching in early April in the next year is greater than 80% is achieved.