The invention discloses a refrigerating and heating device based on a semiconductor technology. The refrigerating and heating device comprises a machine body, a cold water tank, a heat storage tank, a hot water tank, a thermal insulation wall, a first semiconductor cooler, and a second semiconductor cooler; the cold water tank, the heat storage tank and the hot water tank are arranged inside the machine body; the first semiconductor cooler is arranged between the cold water tank and the heat storage tank, a cold end of the first semiconductor cooler is arranged in the cold water tank, and a hot end of the first semiconductor cooler is arranged in the heat storage tank; the second semiconductor cooler is arranged between the heat storage tank and the hot water tank, a cold end of the second semiconductor cooler is arranged in the heat storage tank, and a hot end of the second semiconductor cooler is arranged in the hot water tank; the inner wall of the heat storage tank is provided with the thermal insulation wall. According to the refrigerating and heating device based on the semiconductor technology, the heat storage tank stores heat generated during refrigeration, and the heat is released when heating is conducted, thus electric energy is saved, and the refrigerating and heating device based on the semiconductor technology is beneficial to environment protection.