The invention relates to an MPP engine-based cross-data center rapid query method and system, belongs to the field of big data retrieval and analysis, and can be applied to real-time systems or offline backup systems. The method comprises the following steps of: uniformly marking data in different MPP engines and storing the data into metadata; receiving a query request by a global center point and carrying out grammar analysis on the query request, and sending the query request to corresponding data branch center nodes; carrying out query by each data branch center node through corresponding MPP engines of the metadata, and transmitting the data to the global center node; and rapidly querying the data returned by the data branch center points by the global center point by utilizing the MPP engines, and outputting a query result. According to the method and system, the union query of data of different data centers can be realized, a plurality of MPP engines are compatible, characteristics of different storage modes are sufficiently utilized to optimize the query, and the export of query result in a plurality of manners is supported, and convenience is brought to realize the different requirements, for result data re-analysis, of different upper applications.