The invention provides a track traction system for an aircraft. A track is provided with a catenary at one side for supplying electrical energy to a power supply device on a towing vehicle; the towing vehicle is also equipped with a cable; the power supply device is used for supplying power to a traveling drive motor, a cable unwinding and winding motor and the cable; one end of the cable is connected with the aircraft for providing traction force to the aircraft as the flight power and supplying electrical energy to the aircraft as energy for components and equipment of the aircraft; the cable is also used to transmit control signals to the aircraft; an operational control center is used to control flight height and flight attitude of the aircraft and also to control the running of the towing vehicle; a parking floor is positioned above the track and is provided with a gap for the cable to pass through; a projection of a center line of the track on the parking floor coincides with the gap; and the intersection of the gap and the edge of the parking floor is provided with a curved opening which is tangent with the gap.