The invention, which belongs to the technical field of surface treatment of a high molecular material, relates to a method for rapidly removing a high-temperature-resistant fiber polyimide coating layer with low damage. With laser radiation, the temperature of acid liquor at the surface of a coating layer rises quickly and the acid liquor boils; and because of the boiling acid liquor, the polyimide coating layer is processed by oxygenolysis rapidly; and thus an objective of removing the coating layer rapid and completely is achieved. With the method provided by the invention, a coating layer at the end of a fiber as well as a coating layer with any length at any part in the middle of the fiber can be removed quickly; and the surface damage of the fiber core layer by the instantaneous high temperature can be reduced. The coating layer removing speed is fast and the acid liquor amount is reduced; and the operation becomes secure. The method has the high application potential by being compared with other same kinds of methods in related fields like fiber grating sensor packaging and fiber grating writing and is suitable for precise removing of a polyimide coating layer of a high-temperature-resistant fiber.