The present invention provides an acquisition device for acquiring seismic exploration data. The device comprises at least two acquisition sliding blocks. Each acquisition sliding block comprises a box body, a detector arranged in the box body and a data acquisition station. The data acquisition station is used for acquiring the data of the detector and is connected with the detector. The data acquisition station is connected with a data transmission line for the mutual connection between data acquisition stations. According to the technical scheme of the acquisition device for acquiring seismic exploration data, seismic exploration data can be acquired, and the acquisition speed is greatly improved. Meanwhile, three-dimensional seismic data are processed during the data processing stage, so that the exploration precision is greatly improved. The device is suitable for land seismic exploration, and particularly serves as a novel acquisition and construction means for the seismic exploration on the hard ground.