The invention discloses a bridge construction device. The bridge construction device includes a sliding assembly and a punching driving assembly which is arranged above the sliding assembly, a first sliding groove is formed in the left side of the punching driving assembly, the right side of the punching driving assembly is fixedly provided with a punching support seat, a first spiral rod is arranged in the first sliding groove in a left-and-right extending mode, the first spiral rod is in matched connection with a sliding block through threads, the top of the sliding block extends out of the top face of the first sliding groove, a sliding cavity is arranged in the punching driving assembly at the right side of the first sliding groove, a dust absorbing cavity is arranged in the portion, at the right side of the sliding cavity, in the punching driving assembly, the bottom of the sliding cavity is provided with a second sliding groove, a second spiral rod is arranged in the second sliding groove in a left-and-right extending mode, the second spiral rod is in matched connection with a guiding block through threads, and the top of the guiding block extends into the sliding cavity. The bridge construction device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, automatic deep punching, dust absorbing and dust collecting can be achieved, the working efficiency is improved, and the environmental pollution caused by raised dust is prevented.