The invention relates to an overwater garbage salvaging boat comprising a boat body and a garbage salvaging assembly arranged on the boat body. The garbage salvaging assembly comprises a conveying belt type salvaging mechanism and a garbage collecting case which are arranged sequentially from the front end of the boat body to the tail end of the boat body. The conveying belt type salvaging mechanism comprises a conveying belt, a conveying belt driver used for driving the conveying belt to move and multiple rows of salvaging claws arranged on the upper surface of the conveying belt in the length direction of the conveying belt. Each row of salvaging claws comprises a plurality of salvaging fingers arranged parallelly. The top of the garbage collecting case is open. A front side plate extends upward to form a garbage scraping claw. The garbage scraping claw comprises a plurality of garbage scraping fingers arranged parallelly. The top end of the garbage scraping claw is located below the tail end of the conveying belt. The garbage scraping fingers and the salvaging fingers are arranged in inserting-type and staggered modes to scrape garbage on the conveying belt type salvaging mechanism into the garbage collecting case. Compared with the prior art, the overwater garbage salvaging boat has the advantages that garbage salvaging efficiency is high, the structure is simple and reliable, energy sources are saved, and the benefit is good.