The invention provides a textile sewage filtering and pressurizing device which comprises a frame, wherein a conveyor belt is arranged on the top of the frame, two ends of the conveyor belt are mounted on the top of the frame through transfer rolls, and one of the transfer rolls is driven by a transfer motor to operate; a feeding rack is arranged above the input end of the conveyor belt, a water guide slot is formed in the feeding rack, a water dividing port is formed in the bottom of the water guide slot, a sewage inlet pipe is arranged on the top of the water guide slot, a sewage guide slot is fixed at the output end of the conveyor belt, a sewage outlet is formed in one end of the sewage guide slot, and the sewage outlet is located above a filter pressing mechanism; and a water collecting tank is mounted below the conveyor belt, a drain outlet is formed in the bottom of the water collecting tank, and the drain outlet is connected to an external sewage treater. With the adoption of the scheme, the sizes of grids of the conveyor belt can be changed to finely filter or coarsely filter the sewage, so that the device is good in filtering effect and can quickly filter the sewage.