The invention relates to an auto-homeward route black box system based on self-power generation function, which includes: a power generation system, a flight system, a homeward route control system, a solar cell membrane, a magnetic coil power generation device, a rectifying and energy storing circuit, a main control circuit, a rotor wing device, a motor device, a control chip, a GPS module, an electronic compass, a barometer, a memory, a voltage control module, an obstacle recognizing module, a black box data module, a catapult apparatus, an air bag and a black box shell. By means of the power generation system, the flight system, the homeward route control system and the like in the black box, the black box can generate power no matter on sea surface or ground and also positions and forms a homeward route in real time, thus achieving auto-homeward voyage. The black box system integrates advanced sensing technology, positioning technology, flight technology and the like mature technologies, so that the black box system has advanced design idea, novel method and excellent availability.