The invention discloses a lithium carbonate extraction process based on lepidolite mineral. The lithium carbonate extraction process based on the lepidolite mineral comprises the following steps of smashing and sieving the lepidolite mineral, and obtaining lepidolite mineral powder; feeding water vapor into the lepidolite mineral powder, roasting, cooling to normal temperature, soaking in a sulfuric acid solution under a pressurizing state, filtering, and obtaining first filter liquor and a first filter residue; feeding the first filter residue into a rotary furnace, baking, smashing, sieving, adding a sulfuric acid solution, ball-mill mixing, carrying out microwave processing, mixing the microwave processed material and the first filter liquor, adding purified water, stirring, filtering, freezing, separating, concentrating, depositing lithium, and obtaining lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate extraction process based on the lepidolite mineral is used for processing the lepidolite mineral, the yield of the lithium carbonate is high, the raw material waste cannot be caused, and the lithium carbonate extraction process has important market value and social value.