The invention provides a charging system of a new energy vehicle. The charging system of the new energy vehicle comprises an electricity supply unit arranged above a charging channel. The electricity supply unit is the state grid or a distributed type solar cell power station. The lower end of the electricity supply unit is connected with a control system. The control system comprises an electric quantity sensor, a vehicle recognizer and a connection controller. The connection controller is connected with a connection unit. A charging unit fixed at the upper end of the new energy vehicle is arranged under the connection unit. The charging unit is connected with a vehicle-mounted battery of the new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle is placed on the charging channel. The charging system can be used for quickly charging the new energy vehicle in the running process and conveniently and rapidly increase the endurance mileage of the new energy vehicle.